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Discover high-yield pharmacology facts, mnemonics, and interactive learning content for every drug class.

32 drugs found
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Showing drugs starting with A

Albuterol

Albuterol Sulfate

Beta-2 AgonistsBEGINNER

Use:

Asthma, COPD, bronchospasm

Mechanism:

Selective beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist causing bronchodilation

⭐ 10 points

Alfatradiol

Alfatradiol

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)BEGINNER

Use:

Menopausal vasomotor symptoms,Osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women,Weight management in certain populations

Mechanism:

Alfatradiol selectively binds to estrogen receptors; acts as an agonist in bone and uterus, antagonist in breast tissue, thereby reducing estrogen-dependent proliferation while preserving bone density.

⭐ 10 points

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin

Beta-lactam AntibioticsBEGINNER

Use:

Bacterial infections (respiratory, skin, ENT)

Mechanism:

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins

⭐ 10 points

Aspirin

Acetylsalicylic Acid

NSAIDsBEGINNER

Use:

Pain relief, fever reduction, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protection

Mechanism:

Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis

⭐ 10 points

Acyclovir

Acyclovir Sodium

AntiviralsINTERMEDIATE

Use:

Herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, shingles

Mechanism:

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate

⭐ 15 points

Alendronate

Alendronate

BisphosphonatesINTERMEDIATE

Use:

Osteoporosis prevention and treatment, Paget's disease

Mechanism:

Inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by binding to hydroxyapatite

⭐ 15 points

Allopurinol

Allopurinol

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors (Antigout)INTERMEDIATE

Use:

Chronic gout, hyperuricemia, prevention of tumor lysis syndrome

Mechanism:

Inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid

⭐ 15 points

Amlodipine

Amlodipine Besylate

Calcium Channel BlockersINTERMEDIATE

Use:

Hypertension, angina, coronary artery disease

Mechanism:

Blocks L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation

⭐ 15 points

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potassium

Penicillins (Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination)INTERMEDIATE

Use:

Bacterial infections including beta-lactamase producing organisms

Mechanism:

Amoxicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis; clavulanate inhibits beta-lactamases

⭐ 15 points

Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine

Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine

CNS Stimulants (Amphetamines)INTERMEDIATE

Use:

ADHD, narcolepsy

Mechanism:

Increases release of dopamine and norepinephrine, blocks reuptake

⭐ 15 points

Atenolol

Atenolol

Beta BlockersINTERMEDIATE

Use:

Hypertension, angina, post-MI, atrial fibrillation

Mechanism:

Selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

⭐ 15 points

Atomoxetine

Atomoxetine

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (ADHD)INTERMEDIATE

Use:

ADHD

Mechanism:

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

⭐ 15 points

Atorvastatin

Atorvastatin Calcium

StatinsINTERMEDIATE

Use:

Hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease prevention

Mechanism:

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis

⭐ 15 points

Azithromycin

Azithromycin Dihydrate

MacrolidesINTERMEDIATE

Use:

Respiratory infections, STIs, atypical pneumonia

Mechanism:

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit

⭐ 15 points

Abiraterone

Abiraterone Acetate

Androgen Synthesis Inhibitors (CYP17 Inhibitors)ADVANCED

Use:

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Mechanism:

Irreversibly inhibits CYP17 (17Îą-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase), blocking androgen synthesis

⭐ 20 points

Acitretin

Acitretin

Retinoids (Systemic)ADVANCED

Use:

Severe psoriasis

Mechanism:

Regulates keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation

⭐ 20 points

Adalimumab

Adalimumab

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) InhibitorsADVANCED

Use:

Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis

Mechanism:

Binds TNF-alpha, preventing interaction with TNF receptors and reducing inflammation

⭐ 20 points

Adenosine

Adenosine

Antiarrhythmics (Nucleoside)ADVANCED

Use:

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), diagnostic aid

Mechanism:

Slows AV node conduction and interrupts reentry pathways via adenosine receptors

⭐ 20 points

Albendazole

Albendazole

Anthelmintics (Benzimidazoles)ADVANCED

Use:

Parasitic worm infections, neurocysticercosis, echinococcosis

Mechanism:

Binds to beta-tubulin, inhibits microtubule polymerization in parasites

⭐ 20 points

Alprazolam

Alprazolam

BenzodiazepinesADVANCED

Use:

Anxiety disorders, panic disorder

Mechanism:

Enhances GABA-A receptor activity

⭐ 20 points

Alteplase

Alteplase

Thrombolytics (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)ADVANCED

Use:

Acute ischemic stroke, acute MI, acute PE

Mechanism:

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), converts plasminogen to plasmin, lysing fibrin clots

⭐ 20 points

Amiodarone

Amiodarone

Antiarrhythmics (Class III)ADVANCED

Use:

Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation

Mechanism:

Blocks potassium channels (prolongs repolarization), also has Class I, II, IV effects

⭐ 20 points

Amitriptyline

Amitriptyline Hydrochloride

Antidepressants (Tricyclics)ADVANCED

Use:

Depression, neuropathic pain, migraine prophylaxis, insomnia

Mechanism:

Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine; anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects

⭐ 20 points

Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B

Polyene AntifungalsADVANCED

Use:

Severe systemic fungal infections

Mechanism:

Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane, forms pores causing cell death

⭐ 20 points

Anastrozole

Anastrozole

Aromatase InhibitorsADVANCED

Use:

Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (postmenopausal)

Mechanism:

Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, blocks estrogen synthesis

⭐ 20 points

Anidulafungin

Anidulafungin

Echinocandin AntifungalsADVANCED

Use:

Candidemia, esophageal candidiasis, invasive candidiasis

Mechanism:

Inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, disrupts fungal cell wall

⭐ 20 points

Apixaban

Apixaban

AnticoagulantsADVANCED

Use:

Atrial fibrillation stroke prevention, DVT/PE treatment and prevention

Mechanism:

Direct factor Xa inhibitor

⭐ 20 points

Apremilast

Apremilast

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) InhibitorsADVANCED

Use:

Psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, oral ulcers in Behçet's disease

Mechanism:

Inhibits PDE4, increasing cAMP and reducing inflammatory mediators

⭐ 20 points

Aripiprazole

Aripiprazole

Antipsychotics (Atypical)ADVANCED

Use:

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD adjunct, irritability in autism

Mechanism:

Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1A; antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors

⭐ 20 points

Atezolizumab

Atezolizumab

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-L1)ADVANCED

Use:

NSCLC, small cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer

Mechanism:

Blocks PD-L1, preventing interaction with PD-1 and restoring anti-tumor immunity

⭐ 20 points

Atovaquone-Proguanil

Atovaquone/Proguanil

AntimalarialsADVANCED

Use:

Malaria prevention and treatment

Mechanism:

Atovaquone disrupts mitochondrial electron transport; Proguanil inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

⭐ 20 points

Aztreonam

Aztreonam

Monobactam AntibioticsADVANCED

Use:

Gram-negative infections, safe in penicillin allergy

Mechanism:

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBP3

⭐ 20 points
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