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Metformin
Metformin Hydrochloride
Use:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, PCOS
Mechanism:
Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity
Moexipril
Moexipril
Use:
Hypertension, Heart failure, Left ventricular dysfunction, Chronic kidney disease, Post‑myocardial infarction
Mechanism:
Inhibits angiotensin‑converting enzyme, decreasing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, reduced aldosterone secretion, and lowered blood pressure.
Medroxyprogesterone
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Use:
Contraception (injection), abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis
Mechanism:
Progestin that inhibits ovulation, thickens cervical mucus
Methimazole
Methimazole
Use:
Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease
Mechanism:
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, preventing iodine organification and thyroid hormone synthesis
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Use:
ADHD, narcolepsy
Mechanism:
Blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake in presynaptic neurons
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride
Use:
Gastroparesis, GERD, nausea/vomiting, facilitate small bowel intubation
Mechanism:
Dopamine D2 antagonist; enhances GI motility via cholinergic effects
Metoprolol
Metoprolol Tartrate
Use:
Hypertension, angina, heart failure, arrhythmias
Mechanism:
Selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Use:
Anaerobic infections, C. difficile, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, amebiasis
Mechanism:
Disrupts bacterial and protozoal DNA synthesis
Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine
Use:
Depression, insomnia, appetite stimulation
Mechanism:
Alpha-2 antagonist (increases NE/5-HT), 5-HT2/5-HT3 antagonist, H1 antagonist
Modafinil
Modafinil
Use:
Narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea
Mechanism:
Unknown; may involve dopamine, histamine, and orexin systems
Montelukast
Montelukast Sodium
Use:
Asthma, allergic rhinitis, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Mechanism:
Selective antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptors
Meropenem
Meropenem
Use:
Serious infections including intra-abdominal, meningitis, complicated skin infections
Mechanism:
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs
Methotrexate
Methotrexate
Use:
Cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ectopic pregnancy
Mechanism:
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing DNA synthesis
Micafungin
Micafungin
Use:
Candidemia, esophageal candidiasis, fungal prophylaxis
Mechanism:
Inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, disrupts fungal cell wall
Midazolam
Midazolam
Use:
Procedural sedation, anesthesia premedication, status epilepticus, ICU sedation
Mechanism:
Enhances GABA-A receptor activity
Milrinone
Milrinone
Use:
Acute decompensated heart failure, cardiogenic shock
Mechanism:
PDE3 inhibitor: increases cAMP, enhancing contractility (inotrope) and vasodilation (dilator)
Morphine
Morphine Sulfate
Use:
Severe pain, MI pain, pulmonary edema
Mechanism:
Mu-opioid receptor agonist, inhibits ascending pain pathways
Mycophenolate
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Use:
Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis
Mechanism:
Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, blocking purine synthesis in lymphocytes
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